Bribery
Bribery refers to the soliciting, giving, offering, or receiving of any item of value as a means of influencing the actions of an individual holding a public or legal duty. Bribery constitutes a crime and both the offeror and the recipient can be criminally charged.
Laws governing Anti-corruption
- IndianPenal Code, 1860.
- Prosecution section of Income Tax Act, 1961.
- The Prevention of CorruptionAct, 1988.
- The Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 to prohibit benami transactions.
- Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Act, 2018
- Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002
- The Companies Act, 2013
- The Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010
- The Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013
Anti-corruption Institutions
- Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
CVC was set up in 1964 as an apex organisation for maintaining probity in public life. Its mandate is to oversee the vigilance administration and to advise and assist the executive in matters relating to corruption. It investigates cases of corruption arising out of complaints or detection by vigilance wings in the various departments and recommends punishment wherever required.
- Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
CBI was initially set up as an anti-corruption agency in 1965, operating under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions(India). However, it has received expanded jurisdiction to investigate breaches of central laws enforceable by the Government of India, multi-state organised crime, multi-agency or international cases. CBI investigates several economic crimes, special crimes, cases of corruption and other cases. CBI is exempted from the provisions of the Right to Information Act.
- Anti-corruption Bureau (ACB)
The CBI and state ACBs investigate cases related to corruption under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and the Indian Penal Code, 1860. The CBI’s jurisdiction is the central government and Union Territories while the state ACBs investigates cases within the states. States further can refer cases to the CBI.
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